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The League for the Defense of the Rights of the Albanian Nation ((アルバニア語:Lidhja për mbrojtjen e të drejtave te kombit Shqiptar)) commonly known as the League of Prizren ((アルバニア語:Besëlidhja e Prizrenit)) was an Albanian political organization founded on January 5, 1877. (Officially on June 10, 1878) in the old town of Prizren, in the Kosova Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. The treaties of San Stefano and later Treaty of Berlin both assigned areas that were also inhabited by Albanians to other states. The inability of the Porte to protect the interests of a region that was 70% Muslim and largely loyal forced the Albanian leaders not only to organize their defense, but also to consider creation of an autonomous administration, like those Serbia and the other Danubian Principalities had enjoyed before their independence. The league was established at the meeting of 47 Ottoman beys in Prizren in June 18, 1878. An initial position of the league was presented in the document known as Kararname. With this document Albanian leaders emphasized their intention to preserve and maintain the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans by supporting the porte, and "to struggle in arms to defend the wholeness of the territories of Albania". Although it said nothing about the reforms, schools, autonomy or about the union of the Albanian population within one vilayet, under influence of Abdyl Frashëri, this initial position has changed radically and resulted in demands of autonomy of Albanians and open war against the Ottoman Empire. ==Background== The 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War dealt a decisive blow to Ottoman power in the Balkan Peninsula, leaving the empire with only a precarious hold on Albania and eastern Balkans. The Albanians' fear that the lands they inhabited would be partitioned among Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece fueled the rise of resistance. The first postwar treaty, the abortive Treaty of San Stefano signed on 3 March 1878, assigned areas claimed by the League of Prizren to Serbia, Montenegro, and Bulgaria. Austria-Hungary and the United Kingdom blocked the arrangement because it awarded Russia a predominant position in the Balkans and thereby upset the European balance of power. A peace conference to settle the dispute was held later in the year in Berlin. Overall situation influence Albanians to organize themselves in the Local Counsels for National Salvation with aim to protect the ethnic lands. By the end of 1877 the issue of defense of territorial integrity became very difficult. On 13 December 1877, Serbians declared war on Ottoman Empire, so the Montenegro did. They were supported by Russian Army and spread their attacks on the northern parts of Albania. Despite brave fights, Albanians were unable to defend several regions and cities in the northeast and northwest of Albania. Upon occupation of these lands, massacres and expulsions of autochthonic Albanians have begun. These events influenced the Local Councils for the National Salvation to merge in a single coordination body. Albanians, on December 12, 1877 established in Istanbul the Central Committee for the Defense of Rights of the Albanian Nation.〔http://prizren360.com/en/360foto-en/prizren360/albanian-league-of-prizren〕 The Treaty of San Stefano triggered profound anxiety among the Albanians and Bosnians meanwhile, and it spurred their leaders to organize a defense of the lands they inhabited. In the spring of 1877, influential Albanians in Constantinople—including Abdyl Frashëri, the Albanian national movement's leading figure during its early years—organized a committee to direct the Albanians' resistance. In May the group called for a general meeting of representatives from all the areas that existed Albanian communities that time. The Committee's members were Ali Ibra, Zija Prishtina, Sami Frashëri, Jani Vreto, Pashko Vasa, Baca Kurti Gjokaj and Abdyl Frashëri. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「League of Prizren」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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